Singapore Inflation free essay sample

Also, Nuno Fontes from Trading Economics has said this impermanent get had been foreseen in the January expansion report because of private street transport cost has move by 17. 4 percent in February, up from 10. 5 percent a month sooner. Business cycles are dated by when the course of monetary action changes. At the pinnacle stage, the degree of monetary exercises inside the economy is high. Assets are full used and under such conditions, cost of assets is high since increment cost of merchandise and ventures created. Expansion is characterized as a ceaseless and continued increment in the general value level for all products and ventures and buying power is falling over some undefined time frame. It very well may be broke down as cost push or request pull swelling, or a mix of such impacts. Swelling rate is a proportion of rate changing costs on a year-to-year premise and its recipe is: [(CPI this year CPI a year ago)/CPI last year] x 100 When expansion rate is high, the business banks will diminish credits or change loan fees, utilization and speculation abatement and genuine GDP will diminish. We will compose a custom exposition test on Singapore Inflation or then again any comparative subject explicitly for you Don't WasteYour Time Recruit WRITER Just 13.90/page Singapore expansion remains adamantly high caused primarily by a spike in testament of qualification (COE) costs, the determined snugness in the household work advertise result into wage increments and in this manner, may gave to customers through more significant expenses and ultimately, the lodging costs. Private street transport cost will keep on being a significant supporter of expansion this year, particularly given the constant ascent in COE. Be that as it may, given the ongoing spending measures (forcing unforgiving vehicle advance checks), the vehicle cost might be required to direct yet at the same time, by and large costs would at present stay high as Singapore rebuilding the economy to lessen the reliance of utilizing low-wage outside work including official positions. Lodging costs climbed 4. 2 percent in February, essentially in light of the fact that rentals kept on rising. Subsequently, coming about the other worry to the ascending of business costs I. e rental and labor cost. On the abovementioned, since Singapore imports nearly all that it utilizes †from purchaser products to food and oil, a huge piece of which originates from rising import costs. Food expansion was higher at 2. 3 percent in February contrasted with 1. 0 percent in January basically in light of the little increment in food costs which was related with the Chinese New Year. Administration charges rose by 2. 7 percent in February contrasting with January 1. 9 percent because of greater part drove by the expansion in the expense of family unit administrations for remote specialists. There are 2 reasons for expansion: 1. Request Pull Inflation happens when the general cost level ascents because of an expansion in total interest (AD). Promotion will expand there are increasingly extra cash because of lessening in close to home personal duty and result in buying power increment. 2. Cost-Push Inflation happens when the general value level ascents because of an ascent in the expense of creation. Because of increasing costs, the utilization lessening and speculation will falls due to the vulnerability of economy. Singapore may confront this issue if accepting laborers creating fabricating send out products are saved because of increasing expenses and expanded compensation push. Singapore may confront hosed monetary development if there is cost push swelling. At the point when swelling happens, it impactsly affects the economy. I. e: ? ? ? Average cost for basic items increment, bargain way of life Loss of estimation of cash spared Debtors gain, loan bosses lose Borrowers will profit by swelling and moneylenders will lose from expansion, and this will bring down speculation loaning. The Singapore government has turn out focused measures to assist Singaporeans with managing increasing expenses. Models: ? Keeping the cash solid to hose imported swelling and keep generally expansion as sensible as could be expected under the circumstances.

BRAND COMMUNICATION Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

BRAND COMMUNICATION - Essay Example This bit of research paper is an endeavor to give a concise report on the IMC plan for Tango for the following a year. This report investigations the fundamental ideas and hypothetical viewpoint of IMC and looks at how these can be applied with an arrangement for Tango, a brand by Britvic Company UK. This report traces how a company’s brand and data can be viably conveyed to different objective markets with model from Tango. As indicated by Schultz and Schultz (2004), incorporated promoting correspondence is a procedure by which organizations quicken returns by adjusting correspondence targets to business objectives (p. 3). IMC has been viewed as a key administrative and showcasing approach that can assists organizations with increasing upper hands and brand dependability in the market. Burp and Belch (2007) underlined that IMC is a vital business process used to plan, structure and create composed and quantifiable brand correspondence programs with clients, representatives, prospects and partners for a specific timeframe. It assists work with shorting term monetary advantages and long haul brand esteem (p. 11). As depicted by Lamb, Hair and McDaniel (2008), incorporated showcasing correspondence is a cautious coordination of every limited time message including customary publicizing, individual selling, deals advancement, occasion promoting, intelligent and pubic connection for item or administrations so as to guarantee the consistency in each message at every single contact that the organization meets it clients (p. 413). The basic objective of IMC is to create showcasing correspondence program that causes the executives to organize and coordinate all components of deals advancement, publicizing, individual selling, open connection in a successful path as the organization can keep up a steady message. IMC is fundamentally looking to oversee wellsprings of brand and picture or business contacts with existing too

Effects of Trauma in Civil War Veterans

Effects of Trauma in Civil War Veterans PTSD PTSD and the Military Print Effects of Trauma in Civil War Veterans By K. Kris Hirst Updated on January 23, 2020 Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder Overview Symptoms & Diagnosis Causes & Risk Factors Treatment Living With In Children Brian W. Downs / Getty Images Using open-source data from a federal project digitizing medical records on veterans of the American Civil War (1860-1865) called the Early Indicators of Later Work Levels, Disease, and Death Project, researchers have identified an increased risk of post-war illness among Civil War veterans, including cardiac, gastrointestinal, and mental diseases throughout their lives. In a project partly funded by the National Institutes of Aging, military service files from a total of 15,027 servicemen from 303 companies of the Union Army stored at the United States National Archives were matched to pension files and surgeons reports of multiple health examinations. A total of 43 percent of the men had mental health problems throughout their lives, some of which are today recognized as related to post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Most particularly affected were men who enlisted at ages under 17. Roxane Cohen Silver and colleagues at the University of California, Irvine published their results in the February 2006 issue of Archives of General Psychiatry. Studies of PTSD and War Studies of PTSD to date have connected war experiences to the recurrence of mental health problems and physical health problems such as cardiovascular disease and hypertension and gastrointestinal disorders. These studies have not had access to long-term health impacts since they have been focused on veterans of recent conflicts. Researchers studying the impact of modern conflict participation report that the factors increasing the risk of later health issues include age at enlistment, intimate exposure to violence, prisoner of war status and having been wounded. The Trauma of the American Civil War The Civil War was a particularly traumatic conflict for American soldiers. Army soldiers commonly enlisted at quite young ages; between 15 and 20 percent of the Union army soldiers enlisted between the ages of 9 and 17. Each of the Union companies was made up of 100 men assembled from regional neighborhoods, and thus often included family members and friends. Large company losses--75 percent of companies in this sample lost between five and 30 percent of their personnel--nearly always meant the loss of family or friends. The men readily identified with the enemy, who in some cases represented family members or acquaintances. Finally, close-quarter conflict, including hand-to-hand combat without trenches or other barriers, was a common field tactic during the Civil War. To quantify trauma experienced by Civil War soldiers, researchers used a variable derived from percent of the company lost to represent relative exposure to trauma. Researchers found that in military companies with a larger percentage of soldiers killed, the veterans were 51 percent more likely to have the cardiac, gastrointestinal, and nervous disease. The Link Between Age and Poor Health After War The study found that the youngest soldiers (ages 9-17 at enlistment) were 93% more likely than the oldest (ages 31 or older) to experience both mental and physical disease. The younger soldiers were also more likely to show signs of cardiovascular disease alone and in conjunction with gastrointestinal conditions and were more likely to die early. Former POWs had an increased risk of combined mental and physical problems as well as early death. One problem the researchers grappled with was comparing diseases as they were recorded during the latter half of the 19th century to todays recognized diseases. Post-traumatic stress syndrome was not recognized by doctorsâ€"although they did recognize that veterans exhibited an extreme level of nervous disease that they labeled irritable heart syndrome. Children and Adolescents in Combat Harvard psychologist  Roger Pitman, writing in an editorial in the publication, writes that the impact on younger soldiers should be of immediate concern, since their immature nervous systems and diminished capacity to regulate emotion give even greater reason to shudder at the thought of children and adolescents serving in combat. Although disease identification is not one-to-one, said senior researcher Roxane Cohen Silver, Ive been studying how people cope with traumatic life experiences of all kinds for twenty years and these findings are quite consistent with an increasing body of literature on the physical and mental health consequences of traumatic experiences. Boston University psychologist Terence M. Keane, Director of the  National Center for PTSD, commented that this remarkably creative study is timely and extremely valuable to our understanding of the  long-term  effects of combat experiences. Joseph Boscarino, Senior Investigator at  Geisinger Health System, added There are a few detractors that say that PTSD [Post-traumatic stress disorder] does not exist or has been exaggerated. Studies such as these are making it difficult to ignore the long-term effects of war-related psychological trauma.

The Planet Mars Science Fair Project Ideas

Scientists are learning more about the planet Mars every year and that makes now a perfect time to use it as the subject of a science fair project. It is a project that both middle and high school students can pull off and they can take many different approaches to create  a unique and impressive display. Why is Mars Special? Mars is the fourth planet from the Sun and is commonly referred to as the Red Planet. Mars is more similar to Earth than Venus in regards to atmosphere, even though its only just over half the size of our planet. There is intense interest focused on Mars due to the possibility of liquid water being present there. Scientists are still trying to figure out if there is still water on Mars or if it was present at some time in the plants past. That possibility yields the chance of Mars harboring life. Quick Facts About Mars Mars has two moons, Phobos and Deimos.Mars is named after the Roman god of war and it influenced the naming of the month March.One year on Mars is equal to about two years on Earth.One day on Mars is half an hour longer than one day on Earth.The atmosphere of Mars is 95% carbon dioxide. Recent Mars Expeditions NASA has been sending spacecraft to study Mars since 1964 when Mariner 3 attempted to photograph the planet. Since then, over 20 space missions have launched to explore the surface further and future missions are planned as well. The Mars rover, Sojourner, was the first robotic rover to land on Mars during the Pathfinder mission in 1997. More recent Mars rovers like Spirit, Opportunity, and Curiosity have given us the best views and data available to date from the Martian surface. Mars Science Fair Project Ideas Build a scale model of our solar system. Where does Mars fit in the grand scheme of all the other planets. How does its distance from the Sun affect the climate on Mars.Explain the forces at work when the Mars orbits the sun. What keeps it in place? Is it moving further away? Does it have remain the same distance from the sun as it orbits?Study pictures of Mars. What new discoveries did we learn from pictures the rovers sent back versus satellite photos NASA captured before? How does the Martian landscape differ from Earth? Are there places on Earth that resemble Mars?What are the features of Mars? Could they support some kind of life? Why or why not?Why is Mars red?  Is Mars really red on the surface or is it an optical illusion? What minerals are on Mars that cause it to appear red? Relate your discoveries to things we can relate to on Earth and show pictures.What have we learned in the various missions to Mars? What were the most significant discoveries? What questions did each successful mission answer and did a later mission prove these wrong?What does NASA have planned for future Mars missions? Will they be able to build a Mars colony? If so, what will it look like and how are they preparing for it?How long does it take to travel to Mars?  When astronauts are sent to Mars, what will the trip be like? Are photographs sent back from Mars in real-time or is there a delay? How are the photos relayed to Earth?How does a rover work? Are the rovers still working on Mars? If you love to build things, a scale model of a rover would be a great project! Resources for a Mars Science Fair Project Every good science fair project begins with research. Use these resources to learn more about Mars. As you read, you may even come up with new ideas for your project. Mars Exploration from NASABuild a Solar SystemYour Weight on Other Worlds

Social Media Experience The Rise Of Facebook - 2729 Words

Social Media Experience: The Rise of Facebook Research Report CCT208: Writing and Research Methods in Communication Tiffany Wong 1000691593 Professor Divya Maharajh April 8th, 2015 Abstract In this project, quantitative research was conducted to provide students and adults in our community data on how the frequent use of posting or viewing Facebook correlate to one’s emotions of narcissism or loneliness. The study was conducted to understand the motivations that come from social media sites. Furthermore, if a mutual correlation does occur, students are encouraged to minimize their time on social media to interact and be active with friends outside an offline community. A group of 25 undergraduate students of ages 18-20 participated in the study. From the study revealed, female university students visit Facebook to gain confidence and popularity through self- generated content (updating status, profile photo and uploading albums) compared to males who use system- generated content (messenger and viewing other user’s profile). Discovering the motivation behind social media sites is important to the communications field because media sites have transformed t he way we interact with one another. Methodology Participants A group of 25 students was contacted through Facebook to complete the survey questionnaire of this study. All participants studied at University of Toronto and lived in the city of Mississauga. All 12 males and 13 femalesShow MoreRelatedThe Issue Of Teen Suicide1135 Words   |  5 Pagesaccredited to the rise in social media† (Riley, 2015). When I read that statement, I recalled an article that I had read about three years ago. The article made the same argument and discussed how a new social media app known as Instagram would affect the soaring rates of teen suicide. Being a teenager myself, I agreed with these claims, feeling that the rise in teen suicide rates, as well as social media in the past decade, had gone hand and hand. On February 4th, 2004, a major social networkingRead MoreSocial Media and Mental Health998 Words   |  4 Pagesrecent study, led by social psychiatrist Ethan Cross of the University of Michigan, found that using Facebook may even make us miserable. On the surface, Facebook provides an invaluable resource for fulfilling the basic human need for social connection, says Kross. But rather than enhance well-being, we found that Facebook use predicts the opposite result - it undermines it. The negative impacts of social media In 2012, Anxiety UK conducted a survey on social media use and its effects onRead MoreIs Facebook Killing Our Souls?1588 Words   |  7 Pagesâ€Å"Social media allows people to connect with each other to create and share information. It is people-powered communication, an authentic dialogue motivated by a basic human desire to share information† (CIPD, Social Media and Employee Voice Report 2013). ‘Click’ and my message is on its way to my friend’s Facebook inbox hundred of miles away. The astonishing speed of how quick we can communicate in today’s societies, all thanks to social media. The invention of Facebook simplified everything we knowRead MoreEffects Of Social Media Essay946 Words   |  4 PagesHow does social networking affect teens? Social Networking is â€Å" the use of dedicated websites and applications to interact with other or to find people with similar interests†. 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With the broad reach of the internet and social media, this has led to a wider awareness of the feminist movement. The broad reach of the internet and social media however has also open the female gender to various levels of objectificationRead MoreSocial Media s Impact On Society1455 Words   |  6 PagesMost Think that social media doesn’t have any negative sides. When you think of social media what do you think of. People who use social media don t think about how it can beneficial or not. how about this if you asked your self what would it be like to not have social media. would you benefit from it or would you need it. Most importantly this paper is to inform the reader whether or not it’s inserting. Let start with this question, What is social media? A form of electronic communication (as WebRead MoreThe Impact Of Social Media On S tudents Academic Performance Essay1356 Words   |  6 Pagesbutton. Thanks to the rise of social media, young men and women now exchange ideas, feelings, personal information, pictures and videos at a truly astonishing rate. As social networking sites continue to grow, there is a continual debate on whether it is beneficial or harmful to users. Many learners, especially college students, utilize these sites on a daily basis. Researchers all throughout the world have been diving into a considerable amount of research on how social media influences overall studentRead MoreSocial Media And Health Care Organizations855 Words   |  4 Pagesimproving due to the communication capabilities provided by social media. Many studies have described the use of social media to enhance the understanding of communication, professionalism, and ethics. 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Minimum wage Free Essays

Minimum wage in Naples Labor Market Minimum wage Is the price floor imposed by the government for the welfare of labor. Price floor Is the legal minimum on the price at which a good can be sold. It Is an attempt by the government to maintain prices at other than equilibrium levels. We will write a custom essay sample on Minimum wage or any similar topic only for you Order Now When a government Imposes a price floor, there will be two cases. One the price floor Is not binding if the price floor is maintained below equilibrium price level. In this case, the market forces naturally move the economy to the equilibrium level and the price floor as no effect. In other case when price floor is above equilibrium level, such price floor is binding. In this case the market price equals price floor as government imposes such control on prices for the welfare of labors. At this point the quantity supplied exceeds the quantity demanded which results in surplus of labor I. E. Unemployment. Since the supply is high some seller are unable to sell all they want at the market price. The sellers who appeals to personal biases of the buyer, perhaps due to racial or family ties, are better able to sell their goods than those who do not. By contrast, In a free market, the price serves as the rotational mechanism, and sellers can sell all they want at the equilibrium price. The Impact of minimum wage rate depends on the skill and experience of workers. Highly experienced and skilled workers are not affected because their equilibrium wages are above the minimum wages. Thus, the minimum wage raises the income of workers who have jobs but lowers the income of workers who cannot find Jobs. A labor market with a binding minimum wage: Minimum wage in context of Nepal: Minimum wages dictate the lowest price for labor that any employer may pay. Wages of workers are considered a principal cause of Industrial disputes in Nepal. The prevalence of a low wage rate has aggravated the extent of economic exploitation of employees. An assessment has reflected that employers themselves are retelling a greater part of profits and benefits and only a small part to others sectors Including social securities and labor welfare activities. Wages and benefits are not compatible with increasing productivity and overall economic development of the country. So, to ensure workers a minimally adequate standard of living, the Minimum Wage Determination Committee has set the minimum wage rate for formal sector accordingly. Naples labor market is subjected to the forces of supply and demand. Workers determine the supply of labor, and firms determine the demand. If the government does not intervene, the wages normally adjust to balance labor supply and labor demand. If government fixes the minimum wage rate above the market equilibrium level, the quantity of labor supplied exceeds the quantity demanded. The result Is unemployment. In Nepal the minimum wage was RSI. 200 In 2011 which Is not relevant due to the fast changing socio-economic realties. This Is the reason trade unions negotiating on behalf of employees are demanding that Mullen wages should be doubled to RSI. 12400. They have an argument that prices of particularly in Katmandu, an expensive city, even a monthly wage of RSI. 12400 for is far from enough for comfortable life. Some others have been asking for RSI. 15000 minimum salary claiming that it is insuffic ient to survive in towns and its suburbs with the present salary and wage structure. So, let’s see the consumer price index (ICP) of Nepal to find whether the wage rate is determined on the basis of ICP. Annual National Consumer Price Index Base: 2005/2006=100 Highest minimum wage in South Asia: The minimum wage in Nepal as agreed by the employers and trade unionists in May 2013 is the highest in South Asia. Though Napalm’s minimum wage was highest in Pradesh in India raised theirs above Napalm’s. The average minimum monthly salary of India at US $47 still was lower than that of Nepal. Entrepreneurs believe that the problem of scarcity of workers in Nepal will decrease after the salary hike. According to Upstairs Murray, Vice President of the Federation of Naples Chambers of Commerce and Industry (FINCH), the flight of workforce will be stopped as the daily wage has been increased along with the minimum monthly salary. Entrepreneurs have also claimed that the Indian workers can be attracted as the minimum daily wage has been increased from RSI. 230 to RSI. 318. Minimum Monthly Salary in Year Country In US $ Nepal Sir Lankan Bangladesh Pakistan 70 Attar Pradesh (India) Briar (India) Conclusion: The government has declared the minimum wage but it is difficult to implement because of anti-worker and anti-union mentality . N the part of the government, here is no system of implementation and mechanism for monitoring the progress. From the very beginning, disputes have emerged with respect to the implementation of the wages particularly in the formal sector. Wage issues have now become the most important agenda in the industrial relations in the country. If the government and employers do not take this matter seriously and if they fail to implement corrective measures, the workers will go frustrated resulting in industrial unrests and other adverse effects in productivity. Over time and again minimum wage has increased. For long, the minimum wages earned by workers fell far below the amount needed to satisfy the family subsistence. But after unionization of labor, positive developments occurred in terms of real wages. However, only the fixation of wages cannot maintain healthy industrial relations. Regular monitoring of the implementation of the wages is very important. In the case of Nepal, this aspect is fully absent. Workers in enterprises or sectors where union is absent or weak are still compelled to work for a wage that is insufficient to earn a living. It is recommended that the minimum wage is fixed for workers taking into consideration the existing inflation rate. Employers have been asking for a scientific method for salary and wage hike based on annual inflation rate published by the central bank that will end to fear every two years that employees might go on strike. The government’s move to automatically revise minimum salary and wage every two years from the beginning of the new fiscal year will give political parties little room for bickering in the industrial sector and disturb the business environment. How to cite Minimum wage, Papers Minimum Wage Free Essays The concept of minimum wage is to ensure that employers do not pay wages below the mandated level. However this does not always happen instead this policy ends up hurting these workers and the economy in terms of lower job opportunities. This is because the increase of labor costs keeping all other things constant would eat into the net profits of the company. We will write a custom essay sample on Minimum Wage or any similar topic only for you Order Now Therefore in order to offset the decrease in profits, the need for low skilled labor decreases and companies look for higher productivity workers. The groups that are directly affected by the minimum wage consists of young workers or teenagers, part-time workers and workers from non-poor families. According to the Bureau of Labor Statistics, 1. 8 million paid-hourly employees were paid the federal minimum wage of $7. 25 in 2010. 5 These 1. 8 million employees can be broken down into two broad groups: Roughly half (49. 0 percent) are teenagers or young adults aged 24 or under. A large majority (62. 2 percent) of this group live in families with incomes two or more times the official poverty level. Looking just at the families of teenaged minimum wage workers, the average income is almost $70,600, and only 16. 8 percent are below the poverty line. 7 Note that the federal minimum wage applies to workers of all ages. 8 The other half (51. 0 percent) are aged 25 and up. 9 More of these workers live in poor families (29. 2 percent) or near the poverty level (46. 2 percent had family incomes less than 1. 5 times the poverty level). 10 However, even within this half of all minimum wage employees, 24. percent voluntarily work part-time, and just 34. 3 percent are full-time full-year employees. 11 Only 20. 8 percent of all minimum wage workers are family heads or spouses working full time, 30. 8 percent were children, and 32. 2 percent are young Americans enrolled in school. 12 The popular belief that minimum wage workers are poor adults (25 years old or older), working full time and trying to raise a family is largely untrue. Just 4. 7 percent match that description. 3 Indeed, many minimum wage workers live in families with incomes well above the poverty level. In order to understand the effect of raising minimum wage, the competitive model for economy can be used. This model requires a negative sloping demand curve for labor and wage rate that is competitive in nature. This means that the wage rate is not determined by any individual agents and is always equal to the market rate. In the figure shown below the dema nd curve is labeled as DD and the supply curve is SS. As mentioned, since the market decides the wage rate , the intersection of the demand and supply gives this rate – Wc. The corresponding employment rate is Ec. By imposing the minimum wage Wm, another corresponding employment rate emerges Em. With the implementation and increase of minimum wage, the demand of employment reduces and also has a corresponding excess supply for labor. However with the increase in minimum wage there is also an influx of new labor attracted by the minimum wage which puts further pressure of the employment opportunities available. However this comes at the expense of low skilled labor who find it very difficult to compete in the new scenario. The effects of raising minimum wage could be channeled in the following ways: * Decreased employment opportunities to keep profit margins * The increased cost of labor may be passed on the to the consumer in terms of higher prices for products and services. * Firms may decide to reduce the working hours and maintain the existing labor force which diminishes productivity of the firms. Reduced job training which diminishes the firms to maintain high productivity among the labor force. However if the model is assumed to be the monopsony model, the economy is considered to be marginally competitive. This means that majority of the market share is under a few firms. In this scenario, if the minimum wage is increased from below competitive wages to competitive wages as shown in the diagram, the employment rates will actually increase. This is because there is a new found interest in the labor force to work in these industries and the companies can afford to pay these wages. However this concept is not widely used due to low presence of lower- wage firms in comparison to the large labor forces of an economy. Reference 11Â  Author’s analysis of the Bureau of Labor Statistic’s Current Population Survey data for March 2010. http://www. downsizinggovernment. org/labor/negative-effects-minimum-wage-laws#top Question 3: Impacts of an Appreciating Currency In the case of appreciation of the yen, the following impacts could occur to Japanese firms * The first effect would be on the negative effect of exports and as a result would cause the firms to become less competitive based on price. * Another effect would be as a result of the exchange rate fluctuations. Certain firms might not be protected to negative fluctuations as a result of dealing with yen as their primary mode of currency. This therefore can eat into the profitability of the Japanese firms and cause multinationals to shift overseas to a more stable country. Therefore in short, the reduction in exports due to an increase in the value of yen is because the Japanese goods have now become more expensive to other countries. Therefore this reduction directly affects the firms that deal with these exports and thus affects their profitability. However , in spite of the decrease in exports , Japanese firms now have the ability to expand overseas due to the higher purchasing power of the yen. One example of this phenomenon was when the liquor company Asahi took over the Independent Liquor from New Zealand for 1. 3billion dollars. How to cite Minimum Wage, Papers Minimum Wage Free Essays The concept of a minimum wage has been around for over a century; New Zealand was the first country to have a minimum wage, enacted in 1894. The United States introduced minimum wage during the Great Depression in 1938. (Anderson) A minimum wage is a price floor; this sets a base line wage that companies have to pay their employees. We will write a custom essay sample on Minimum Wage or any similar topic only for you Order Now Currently in the United States nearly 75 million people work minimum wage jobs. (Goldstein) In 2004 the federal minimum wage was $5. 15 an hour and only 12 states had higher minimum wages. (Wall Street Journal) Today it is $7. 5, last updated in 2009. Polling shows that the public supports an increase in the minimum wage. (Kusler) Minimum wage brings together theoretical economics and real world economics, by coming up with a number that is as close as possible to the natural equilibrium while still providing a wage that workers can live on. It has positives and negatives, but I think the positives outweigh the negatives. Proponents of the minimum wage want a base line wage that workers can earn so they are not taken advantage of and can earn enough to provide for their families. This side of the argument assumes that the employers are making a profit for themselves and will exploit their workers as much as they can. Minimum wage is a protection for workers from getting exploited and not being able to provide for their families. Many argue that minimum wage is too low at this time, leaving millions of workers still needing assistance from the government, which is paid by tax payers. As tax payers we are picking up the slack of low wages paid to low earning employees. By increasing the minimum wage, we would be giving more purchasing power to the people who are most likely to spend it. For example, in 2009 in Georgia the minimum wage was the current minimum wage of $7. 25. If you spend a third of your income in housing, the recommended amount, to rent a one bedroom apartment in Atlanta of about $800 you would need to earn $16 an hour. (Gatlin) As this example illustrates, the wage that workers are getting today is not allowing them to support themselves, making the government have to step in with social services to help them. (The Wall Street Journal) If minimum wage had increased with inflation from 1968, people would be earning $9. 2 an hour, which is a lot closer to a living wage. (Gatlin) Other calculations suggest that if it had followed that path today, the minimum wage would be $10. 55. (Goldstein) Earning more is a reward for low wage workers, they are more likely to be loyal, more productive, less likely to not show up for work and shirk their duties. What owners think they save in payroll with paying workers less, they spend looking for new employees beca use old employees are leaving for jobs that pay higher wages. They also lose the investment that they made in training the person, that training will now have to be invested in someone else. Micah Domato, who runs A. L. Bazzini, a store that sells nuts, in New York City pays his employees an entry wage of $8; he keeps it at that level because other stores would not be able to compete with his pricing. (Wall Street Journal) If employers restructure their wage scales almost 400,000 more workers would benefit; they are the ones working slightly above minimum wage. Indeed, on January 1st, 2012 eight states raised their minimum incomes to adjust for inflation and over 1 million workers benefited. There is so much agreement on this topic that both Mitt Romney and President Barack Obama have said that they support an automatic increase to keep up with inflation. (Kusler) In conclusion, raising the minimum wage will give purchasing power to low income earners who are the people who need it the most. It will also create more business because people will be buying more with their increased incomes. People who are against minimum wage feel that it creates a surplus of unemployed workers. This surplus can’t get hired because there isn’t enough money to pay them from the profits that they are making at that level of production. Not only will it slow job growth, but an increased minimum wage will actually lead to even more job losses than the first minimum wage. For example, in 2009 in Georgia, the unemployment rate rose from 4. 5% to 10. 7% in 18 months around the time when the latest minimum wage was set. This price floor will limit job creation in the long run for the least skilled workers. Their employers will have to calculate if the new hourly wage exceeds their hourly product of labor, and then employers will have to see if they should substitute the worker with a more productive worker that will work at a level that is more than his or her wage or they will keep the costs they would have spent on a worker. In both cases, increasing minimum wage is a risk for the current worker. An alternative for minimum could be income subsidies, which can be considered less market intrusive. (Kusler) The National Federation of Independent Business says a tax credits for heads of households is another good alternative that won’t shrink job opportunities or place collateral damage on small businesses. Higher wages can discourage employers from hiring new employees because they can’t afford them. They will in turn maximize their profits with their current employees. The governor of New York in 2004 George Pataki said he would rather the increase be federal minimum wage than state wide because it gives states with lower minimum wages an advantage. In the end, an increase in the minimum wage is feared to only bring disaster. Fewer people will get hired and small business will have to take on a cost they cannot afford. This issue has been debated close to home as well. On November 6 of this year, San Jose passed a law with 58% of the vote that would increase the city-wide minimum wage from $8 to $10 an hour. This new minimum wage is what it was in 1968, adjusted for inflation. Only San Francisco, Washington DC, Santa Fe and Albuquerque have set their own minimum wage before. The measure started in a San Jose State University classroom. The students drafted the measure and got enough signatures to turn their idea into Measure D. Goldstein) In San Jose an average minimum wage worker salary is $1,280, which is not even enough to cover the average rent of $1,800. More people, therefore, have to rely on government assistant to get by. This new law will help 40,000 low wage workers. (Myers-Lipton) The Mayor of San Jose, Chuck Reed, sided against it and the City Council was divided. The Mayor says that it will t ake about $600,000 to put the law in place because they have to make sure everyone follows it. This will put a huge strain on the city’s budget, in addition to the 25% increase in their pay roll for the city’s own minimum wage workers. The opposition says that this increase would lead to cuts in staffing or hiring fewer workers. For example Fourth Street Pizza says that they will have to consider some increase in their prices so they don’t have to lay any one off. (Rusk) Measure D will go in effect early 2013. Only the future will say what effect this measure will have on the economy of San Jose, I hope it proves to be a positive outcome. Minimum wage helps keep a balance between the theoretical economic world and the real world by giving workers better wages than they would otherwise have. The big debate now in many states and municipalities is whether to keep it or increase it. Increasing would lead to workers having better lives and being more loyal and productive at work. Others say increasing it would lead to staffing cuts and fewer jobs because firms wouldn’t be able to cover their cost of paying workers more or having more of them. San Jose just raised its city minimum wage by voter approval. In the future it could go both ways, but hopefully it will improve the economy because people will have more money so they will spend more money. How to cite Minimum Wage, Essay examples

Odysseus A mere mortal, but purely moral Essay Example For Students

Odysseus: A mere mortal, but purely moral Essay In Homers Odyssey, he uses the stories of Calypso and Circe to give a reader a glimpse at Greek values. Odysseus is a perfectly moral man by Greek standards. In the Calypso episode, Odysseus demonstrates the value of faithfulness, and in the Circe episode, he illustrates Greek values in general. While both goddesses seek Odysseus to be their husband, Odysseus responds as a perfect Greek hero. During the Calypso episode, Homer teachers that one must remain faithful in their hearts. The Circe episode shows the loyalty between a commander and his troops, burial rights, hospitality, and the relationship between host and guest. The Calypso episode explains how a man must be faithful to his wife in his heart. The Calypso scene opens with a description of how beautiful her island of meadows and flowers is and how even a deathless god who came upon that place would gaze in wonder, heart entranced with pleasure 154. The story proceeds to describe the goddess as having a breathtaking voice 154 and being lustrous 155. Yet, when the story describes Odysseus, he is wrenching his heart with sobs and groans and anguish 156. Even though, Odysseus resides on a beautiful island with a goddess who takes care of him, he still wishes to be at home. Odysseus recognizes that fact that the island is beautiful, but he still longs to be at home. Additionally, Odysseus remains faithful to Penelope, not by modern day standards, but he chooses Penelope over the goddess. When Calypso questions Odysseus, he recognizes that fact that Calypso is more beautiful. Odysseus even mentions that Penelope falls far short 159 of Calypso, but yet, Odysseuss heart is with Penelope. Next, Odysseus must build a raft himself. Yet, he finds this labor minimal since he is given a chance to return home. He even realizes that he may become shipwrecked or die on the voyage, but he is willing to take these risks to return home. The final temping offer to make Odysseus turn away from his home and his wife is when Calypso offers him immortality to stay with her. Again, Odysseus chooses his land and his wife. In modern times, sleeping with a goddess would be considered unfaithful, but Greek values allow this if and only if the man still wishes to return home and return to his wife. Thus, one of the highest values for a Greek was to be faithful to their home and their wives in their hearts. The stories involving Circe describe several values. The stories describe hospitality, the loyalty between a commander and his troops, the relationship between host and guest, and burial rights. When the story begins with an analysis on how guests ought to be treated. Circe is an enchantress who welcomes some of Odysseuss troops into her home for food and drink. Then, she made a potion that would clear their memories so that when she struck them with her magic wand, they turned into pigs. Zeus or Hermes must have witnessed this episode because Hermes came to Odysseus with a potent drug 239 that would counteract Circes potion. Since Zeus is the god of hospitality, Circe was in the wrong by harming her guests as she did. So, Odysseus went to Circe with the drug, and when she attempted to do the same thing, Odysseus was able to triumph over trickery. Thus, another important Greek value is to be kind to strangers, treat them as guests, and follow the hospitality etiquette. The next event demonstrates that the commander must be loyal to his troops. Circe offers Odysseus marvelous food with appetizers aplenty too, lavish with her bounty 242, but her refuses the food saying that any man in his right mind 242 could not accept food before hed freed his comrades-in-arms and looked them in the eyes 242. So, Greek soldiers must be loyal to each other. This is further demonstrated when Circe sends for Odysseuss ship to come closer to shore. .u28b1428e5563e19b198c592168c601f7 , .u28b1428e5563e19b198c592168c601f7 .postImageUrl , .u28b1428e5563e19b198c592168c601f7 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u28b1428e5563e19b198c592168c601f7 , .u28b1428e5563e19b198c592168c601f7:hover , .u28b1428e5563e19b198c592168c601f7:visited , .u28b1428e5563e19b198c592168c601f7:active { border:0!important; } .u28b1428e5563e19b198c592168c601f7 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u28b1428e5563e19b198c592168c601f7 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u28b1428e5563e19b198c592168c601f7:active , .u28b1428e5563e19b198c592168c601f7:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u28b1428e5563e19b198c592168c601f7 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u28b1428e5563e19b198c592168c601f7 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u28b1428e5563e19b198c592168c601f7 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u28b1428e5563e19b198c592168c601f7 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u28b1428e5563e19b198c592168c601f7:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u28b1428e5563e19b198c592168c601f7 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u28b1428e5563e19b198c592168c601f7 .u28b1428e5563e19b198c592168c601f7-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u28b1428e5563e19b198c592168c601f7:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Joyce and John Cheever were two influential writers of the late 1800's and early 1900's EssayEurylochus hesitates and is mutinous against Odysseuss order to bring the ship about. Odysseus, though, still remains loyal to him. Even though he had half a mind to draw the sharp sword from beside my hip and slice his head offà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦But comrades check me, each man trying to calm me 244. This event offers another important value: the soldiers must be loyal to their commander and heed every order. So, Homer demonstrates how troops and commanders ought to be extremely loyal to each other. While the troops and Odysseus are at Circes palace, they each respect each other as hos tess and guest. Circe tries to make them comfortable and joyful as she says, no more tears now, calm these tides of sorrow 244. She hosts Odysseus and his troops for a year. Odysseus graciously accepts Circes kindness and is good to her. When Odysseus requests to leave, Circe grants him his desire, and she even helps him. Here, Homer demonstrates that it is necessary to give the host warning when planning to leave and even ask the host for leaving rights. Circe tells him to visit Tiresias in the Kingdom of the Dead for advice on how to get home safely. Then, on their final departing from Aeaea, Circe gives them food and drink to take on their voyage as well as a swift wind. She gives them several gifts as expected by a hostess when her guest leaves. Therefore, while host must be gracious and giving to guests, the guests are expected to be respectful of their host. Finally, Homer tells how the dead are to be given their rights. Before departing Aeaea again, the troops must mourn the Elpenor, give him a funeral, and bury his body. The fact that Odysseus and his troops returned all the way back to Aeaea shows that the burial right of the dead is extremely important. Therefore, the Greeks held the right of services and burial to be a significant value. Homer portrays Odysseus as a nearly perfect man with nearly perfect Greek values. Hence, the reader is able to get a glimpse of Greek values by using Odysseuss decisions and action as a guideline. The Calypso story shows that Greek values require a man to be faithful to his land and to his wife no matter what the temptation is. The Circe episode shows the loyalty between a commander and his troops, burial rights, hospitality, and the relationship between host and guest.